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Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuNovemba, 2024, uMnyango Wezezimali kanye Nokuphathwa Kwentela Kwezwe bakhiphe “Isimemezelo Sokulungisa Inqubomgomo Yesaphulelo Sentela Yokuthekelisa”. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Disemba 2024, zonke izaphulelo zentela yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo ye-aluminium zizokhanselwa, okubandakanya izinombolo zentela ezingama-24 njengamapuleti e-aluminium, amafoyili e-aluminium, amashubhu e-aluminium, izisekeli zeshubhu le-aluminium kanye namaphrofayela athile ebha ye-aluminium. Ukwethulwa kwenqubomgomo entsha kukhombisa ukuzimisela kwezwe ukuqondisa ngokuqinile ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yamabhizinisi asekhaya e-aluminium kanye nokuqiniseka kwawo ekuguqukeni kweChina ukusuka ezweni lemboni enkulu ye-aluminium ukuya ezweni eliqinile lemboni ye-aluminium. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa, ochwepheshe bezimboni kanye nezazi bakholelwa ukuthi ibhalansi entsha izosungulwa ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle ze-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium, futhi umthelela jikelele wenqubomgomo entsha emakethe ye-aluminium yasekhaya iyalawuleka.

Isaphulelo Sentela Yokuthumela I-Aluminium
Ngo-2023, izwe lami lathumela ngaphandle isamba esingamathani ayizigidi ezi-5.2833 e-aluminium, okuhlanganisa: amathani ayizigidi ezi-5.107 okuthengiswa okujwayelekile kohwebo, amathani angama-83,400 okucubungula ukuthunyelwa kohwebo, kanye namathani angama-92,900 wezinye izinto ezithengiswa ngaphandle. Isamba esiphelele sokuthekelisa semikhiqizo ye-aluminium engama-24 ehilelekile ekwesulweni kwezaphulelo zentela yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe singamathani ayizigidi ezi-5.1656, okubalelwa ku-97.77% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwe-aluminium, lapho ivolumu yohwebo jikelele yokuthekelisa ingamathani ayizigidi ezi-5.0182, ebalwa ngama-97.15%; ivolumu yohwebo olucutshungulwayo lwamathani angama-57,600, ibalwa ku-1.12%; futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa kwezinye izindlela zohwebo ungamathani angama-89,800, okubalelwa ku-1.74%.
Ngo-2023, inani elijwayelekile lohwebo lokuthekelisa lemikhiqizo ye-aluminium ehilelekile ekukhanselweni kwezaphulelo zentela lingama-US $ 16.748 billion, lapho inani elijwayelekile lohwebo lokuthekelisa libuyiselwa ku-13% (ngaphandle kokucabangela ukudonswa), futhi ukuhweba kokucubungula kubuyiselwa ku-13. I-% yemali yokucubungula (ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sama-US$400/ton), futhi inani lembuyiselo licishe libe ngu-$2.18 webhiliyoni; umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka wezi-2024 ufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4.6198, kanti inani lomthelela wonyaka kulindeleke ukuthi libe cishe ku-$2.6 billion. Imikhiqizo ye-aluminium okukhanselwe isaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa ngaphandle ngalesi sikhathi ithunyelwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ngokuhwebelana okuvamile, okubalelwa ku-97.14%.

Umthelela wokwesulwa kwesaphulelo sentela
Esikhathini esifushane, ukwesulwa kwesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa ngaphandle kuzoba nomthelela othile embonini yokucubungula i-aluminium. Okokuqala, izindleko zokuthekelisa zizokhuphuka, zinciphise ngokuqondile inzuzo yamabhizinisi athumela ngaphandle; okwesibili, intengo yama-oda wokuthekelisa izokhuphuka, izinga lokulahlekelwa kwemiyalelo yohwebo lwangaphandle liyokhula, futhi ukucindezela kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kuzokhula. Kulindeleke ukuthi ivolumu yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe inyuke ngoLwezi, futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa ngoZibandlela uzokwehla kakhulu, futhi ukungaqiniseki kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuzokwanda; okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kube ukuthengisa kwasekhaya kungase kubhebhethekise ukuguquguquka kwangaphakathi; okwesine, izogqugquzela ukukhuphuka kwamanani e-aluminium emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokwehla kwamanani entengo ye-aluminium yasekhaya kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa khona ububanzi obulinganiselwe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni yase-China yokucubungula i-aluminium isenethuba lokuqhathanisa lamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ukunikezwa kwe-aluminium emhlabeni jikelele kanye nebhalansi yokufunwa kunzima ukubunjwa kabusha ngesikhathi esifushane. I-China isengumnikezeli oyinhloko wemakethe ye-aluminium yamazwe ngamazwe ephakathi kuya kwephezulu. Umthelela walokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa kulindeleke ukuthi uxazululwe kancane kancane.

Umthelela wezomnotho omkhulu
Ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ephansi ye-value-added, kuzosiza ukunciphisa insalela yohwebo, kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana okubangelwa ukungalingani kwezohwebo, futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kohwebo lwangaphandle.
Le nqubomgomo ihambisana nenhloso yesu lomnotho waseShayina ukuthuthukisa izinga eliphezulu, ukuqondisa izinsiza ezimbonini eziqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ezisafufusa ezinamandla amakhulu okukhula, kanye nokugqugquzela uguquko kwezomnotho.

Iziphakamiso zokuphendula
(I) Qinisa ukuxhumana nokuhwebelana. Xoxisana ngenkuthalo futhi uxhumane namakhasimende aphesheya, uzinzise amakhasimende, futhi uhlole ukuthi zingathwala kanjani izindleko ezikhuphukile ezilethwa ukwesulwa kwezaphulelo zentela. (II) Lungisa amasu ebhizinisi ngokugcwele. Izinkampani ezilungisa i-aluminium ziphikelela ekushintsheni ekuthunyelweni kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium, futhi zenze konke okusemandleni ukusimamisa imakethe yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo ye-aluminium. (III) Sebenza kanzima emandleni angaphakathi. Nqoba ubunzima, gcina ubuqotho nokusungula izinto ezintsha, usheshise ukutshalwa komkhiqizo omusha wekhwalithi, futhi uqinisekise izinzuzo eziphelele njengekhwalithi, intengo, isevisi, kanye nomkhiqizo. (IV) Qinisa ukuzethemba. Imboni yaseChina yokucubungula i-aluminium ikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni ngokwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuphumayo. Inezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuqhathanisa ezindaweni ezisekela izimboni, izinto zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe, kanye nabasebenzi basezimboni abavuthiwe. Isimo samanje sokuncintisana okujulile okuqinile kwemboni yokucubungula i-aluminium yaseChina ngeke sishintshe kalula, futhi izimakethe zangaphandle zisathembele kakhulu ekuthumeleni kwethu i-aluminium.

I-Enterprise Voice
Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela walokhu kulungiswa kwenqubomgomo embonini yokucubungula i-aluminium, abahleli bombukiso wemboni ye-aluminium wamazwe ngamazwe wase-China baxoxisane nezinkampani eziningi ukuze zihlole ngokuhlanganyela amathuba futhi zihlangabezane nezinselele.
Q: Yimiphi imithelela yangempela yokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa ebhizinisini lenkampani yakho lohwebo lwangaphandle?

Inkampani A: Esikhathini esifushane, ngenxa yokukhanselwa kwezaphulelo zentela yokuthekelisa, izindleko zikhuphuke ngokucasha, izinzuzo zokuthengisa ziwile, futhi kuzoba nokulahlekelwa okuthile esikhathini esifushane.
Inkampani B: Amamajini enzuzo ehlisiwe. Uma umkhulu umthamo wokuthekelisa, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuxoxisana namakhasimende. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amakhasimende azogaya ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kuka-5-7%.

Q: Ucabanga ukuthi ukukhanselwa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sentela yokuthumela ngaphandle kuzothinta kanjani isidingo kanye nenkambiso yamanani emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe? Inkampani ihlela kanjani ukulungisa isu layo lokuthekelisa ukuze ibhekane nalezi zinguquko? Inkampani A:
Ngokuba can lid materials, mina mathupha ngicabanga ukuthi isidingo ngeke kushintshe kakhulu. Phakathi nenkathi enzima kakhulu yalolu bhubhane, ezinye izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zazama ukushintsha amathini e-aluminium ngamabhodlela engilazi kanye nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki, kodwa akukho mkhuba onjalo okulindeleke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngakho-ke isidingo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe akufanele siguquguquke kakhulu.Ngamanani, kusukela umbono we-aluminium eluhlaza, ngemva kokuhoxiswa kwezaphulelo zentela yokuthekelisa, kukholakala ukuthi i-LME kanye nezintengo zasekhaya ze-aluminium eluhlaza zizocishe zifane esikhathini esizayo; ngokombono wokucubungula i-aluminium, ukukhuphuka kwamanani kuzoxoxisana namakhasimende, kodwa ngoDisemba, izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe sezivele zisayine izinkontileka zokuthenga ngonyaka ozayo, ngakho-ke kuzoba nezinkinga ngezinguquko zesikhashana zentengo manje.
Inkampani B: Umkhuba wokushintsha intengo ngeke ube mkhulu kakhulu, futhi i-Europe ne-United States zinamandla okuthenga abuthaka. Kodwa-ke, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengeVietnam, izoba nezinzuzo ezithile zokuncintisana emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi nezomhlaba. Amacebo okuthumela anemininingwane eyengeziwe asadinga ukulinda kuze kube ngemva komhla ka-1 Disemba.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuxoxisana namakhasimende ukuze ulungise amanani? Amakhasimende asekhaya nawakwamanye amazwe azaba kanjani izindleko namanani? Kuyini ukwamukelwa okulindelekile kwamakhasimende?

Inkampani A: Yebo, sizoxoxisana namakhasimende ambalwa amakhulu futhi sithole umphumela esikhathini esifushane. Ukwenyuka kwamanani akunakugwenywa, kodwa kungenzeka ingabi khona indlela yokwenyuka ngo-13%. Singathatha inani elingaphezu kwe-median ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ngeke silahlekelwe yimali. Amakhasimende akwamanye amazwe abelokhu enokuchema okuthile kwenqubomgomo yokuthengisa. Amakhasimende amaningi kufanele akwazi ukuqonda nokwamukela izinga elithile lokunyuka kwentengo ngemva kokufunda ukuthi isaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa yase-China ne-aluminium sikhanseliwe. Yebo, kuzophinde kube khona ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okushubile. Uma isaphulelo sentela yase-China sokuthekelisa sikhanseliwe futhi ingasekho inzuzo enanini, kunethuba lokuthi indawo yayo izothathelwa indawo ezinye izimboni zokucubungula i-aluminium kwezinye izifunda ezifana ne-Middle East.

Inkampani B: Amanye amakhasimende nawo asithinte ngocingo noma nge-imeyili ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izivumelwano ezisayinwe ikhasimende ngalinye zihlukile, okwamanje sikhuluma ngokwamukela izinguquko zentengo ngayinye ngayinye.

Inkampani C: Ezinkampanini ezinamavolumu amancane okuthekelisa, kusho ukuthi imajini yenzuzo yenkampani iphansi. Kodwa-ke, ezinkampanini ezinomthamo omkhulu wokuthekelisa, u-13% uphindaphindeka ngevolumu, ukukhuphuka okuphelele kuphezulu, futhi zingase zilahlekelwe ingxenye yemakethe yaphesheya.

Q: Endabeni yokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo, ingabe inkampani inazo izinhlelo zokuguqukela ekusetshenzisweni okujulile, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye noma imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe?

Inkampani A: Isaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa ye-aluminium sikhanseliwe ngalesi sikhathi. Besilokhu siguqulela ekucubunguleni okujulile, kodwa sizolinda kuze kube uhlelo lwe-State Administration of Taxation luthola ngemva komhla lu-1 kuZibandlela ngaphambi kokwenza izinhlelo zentuthuko.
Inkampani B: Ngokombono womuntu siqu, izokwenzeka nakanjani, futhi isiqondiso esiqondile sidinga ukuxoxwa.
Q: Njengelungu lemboni, inkampani yakho iyibheka kanjani intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni ye-aluminium yaseChina? Ingabe uyazethemba ukuthi ungazinqoba izinselele ezilethwe umgomo futhi uqhubeke nokugcina ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe?

Inkampani A: Siyaqiniseka ukuthi singayinqoba. Isidingo sangaphandle se-aluminium yaseShayina siqinile futhi asikwazi ukushintshwa esikhathini esifushane. Kukhona kuphela inqubo yokubuyisela amanani esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ekuphetheni

Ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yesaphulelo sentela yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezithathwe uhulumeni ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu yomnotho wangempela. Isimo esihle sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokusimeme kwezimboni zasekhaya ezikhuphuka nomfula kanye nezansi nomfula asikashintshi, futhi umthelela omubi wokuhoxiswa kwesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa ye-aluminium emakethe ye-aluminium ngokuvamile uyalawuleka.